rick when i got my car tested for emissions in CT the only time it flunked was with an absolutely tight valve which was corrected by a valve adjustment. there was a lot of smoke!
then it re-tested hardly showing anything on the scale..!
that is to say the limits are very high for the opacity test. the second people that performed the diesel test i would also say hardly knew what they were doing anyhow, lol.
they put it on a dyno and run it up to about 30mph and take a reading.
for the safety test it is as jim has described and the good part is that you only do it once when you first register the car. as long as the registration remains the same then no more safety tests are required by the good state of CT (sofar...